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In mathematics, the upper half-plane H is the set of complex numbers with positive imaginary part: : The term arises from a common visualization of the complex number ''x + iy'' as the point ''(x,y)'' in the plane endowed with Cartesian coordinates. When the Y-axis is oriented vertically, the "upper half-plane" corresponds to the region above the X-axis and thus complex numbers for which ''y'' > 0. It is the domain of many functions of interest in complex analysis, especially modular forms. The lower half-plane, defined by ''y'' < 0, is equally good, but less used by convention. The open unit disk D (the set of all complex numbers of absolute value less than one) is equivalent by a conformal mapping to H (see "Poincaré metric"), meaning that it is usually possible to pass between H and D. It also plays an important role in hyperbolic geometry, where the Poincaré half-plane model provides a way of examining hyperbolic motions. The Poincaré metric provides a hyperbolic metric on the space. The uniformization theorem for surfaces states that the upper half-plane is the universal covering space of surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature. The closed upper half-plane is the union of the upper half-plane and the real axis. It is the closure of the upper half-plane. ==Generalizations== One natural generalization in differential geometry is hyperbolic ''n''-space H''n'', the maximally symmetric, simply connected, ''n''-dimensional Riemannian manifold with constant sectional curvature −1. In this terminology, the upper half-plane is H2 since it has real dimension 2. In number theory, the theory of Hilbert modular forms is concerned with the study of certain functions on the direct product H''n'' of ''n'' copies of the upper half-plane. Yet another space interesting to number theorists is the Siegel upper half-space H''n'', which is the domain of Siegel modular forms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Upper half-plane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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